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COMPULSORY
SUBJECTS
EVIROMETAL EDUCATIO (802)
Aims:
The learner
- To develop an in-depth
understanding of various environmental issues and concerns of
national
and global importance.
- To develop a balanced view
of the relationship between environment and development.
- To understand basic
concepts related to sustainable development vis-à-vis
improvement
of quality of life. - To
develop a deeper concern for the environment and a sense of
commitment and
responsibility to take
proactive action. - To appreciate the variety in living
organisms and recognize India as a mega- diversity nation. -
To appreciate the role of the individual, community, national
and international agencies in resolving environmental
problems. - To practice ways of bringing about qualitative
improvement in the environment by assuming
leadership role. - To
identify self with one's environment with an attitude to
personally contribute towards its
improvement. - To respect
customs and traditions related to local conservation practices
and accept indigenous
eco-friendly technologies. -
To develop skills to undertake and participate in
investigative studies on various environmental issues; and -
To motivate others and participate in social and community
activities in dealing with environmental problems.
CLASS XI
There will be two papers in
the subject:
Paper I: Theory – 3 hours …
70 marks
Paper II: Practical/Project
Work – … 30 marks
PAPER I - THEORY
There will be one paper of
three hours duration
carrying 70 marks.
The paper will have two
Sections:
Section A (Compulsory) will
contain short answer
questions covering the entire
syllabus.
Section B will consist of
questions, which will require
detailed answers. There will
be a choice of questions
in this section.
1. Man and
Environment
(i) Dimensions of environment
- physical, biological and social. Physical environment
consisting of atmosphere, hydrosphere and lithosphere –
importance of each. Biological – plants and animals and their
interdependence (producers, consumers, decomposers). Social –
populations, interaction in social hierarchies, territorialism
and dominance.
(ii) Human being as a
rational and social partner in environmental actions. While
human beings are responsible for the
present state of the
environment, they are also capable of acting intelligently and
finding solutions (a general understanding of the above to be
provided).
(iii) Society and environment
in India; Indian traditions, customs and culture – past and
present. A brief look at some past traditions and customs
which reflect a close understanding of nature and care for all
living beings e.g. sacred groves, johads, eris [water tanks of
South India], traditional fishermen not fishing in the
spawning seasons, farmers-crops and
growing season in complete
harmony with the local environment and seasons, etc. Present
culture marked by rapid changing society and globalization
leading to demand on natural resources.
(iv) Population and
environment. Meaning of terminologies such as population,
birth rate, death rate, population growth,
carrying capacity, global
distribution of population and resource use patterns.
Increasing populations, destructive impact on environment –
idea of ecological imbalance.
(v) Impact of human
activities on environment: − environmental problems of urban
and rural areas.− stress on civic amenities; supply of water
and electricity, waste disposal, transport, health services. −
vehicular emissions. _ urbanization - land use, housing,
migrating and floating population − natural resources and
their depletion. 1atural resources and their depletion to be
studied with respect to land, water and air. A close look at
each of the above, with specific examples from the Indian
context.
2.
Environment and Development
(i)
Economic and social needs - as basic considerations for
development. Concept of economic and social development;
Economic - by the rise of per
capita income, industrial and technology development; social –
by education, health, sanitation, social services. Factors
affecting economic and social growth – a list only. (ii)
Agriculture and industry as major sectors of development.
Understanding the role of agriculture in economies – providing
food security, adequate nutrition to the population,
preserving biodiversity. Understanding the role of agriculture
in the economic development of India. Role of industry in the
overall growth of the country, the need to give importance to
different kinds of industries e.g. cottage industry ensures
that traditional artisan skills are not lost. It also provides
employment to a number of people. Impact of industrial growth
on agriculture – agribusiness. (iii) Social factors affecting
development - poverty, affluence, education, employment, child
marriage and child labour; human health - HIV/AIDS, social
cultural and ethical values.
Self-explanatory. (iv) Impact
of development on environment - changing pattern of land use;
land reclamation, deforestation, resource depletion, pollution
and environmental degradation. Rural – forests being cut down
for converting
to farmland and cropland
being used for urban settlements and industries. Urban – small
dwellings being converted into
multi-storied complexes,
parks and green belts being removed, municipal facilities
becoming inadequate. Reclamation of desert land, water logged
land for forestry, vegetation, horticulture, rice
cultivation, etc. An understanding of how development is
causing resource depletion, pollution and environmental
degradation. (v) Impact of liberalization and
globalization on - agriculture and industries,
dislocation of manpower and unemployment, implications
for social harmony. Understanding the concept of
globalisation and liberalization. The potential of
globalisation and liberalisation.
The onus of agriculture
shifting from farmers to companies selling seeds and
chemicals. Impact of multinational companies on small
industries - closure of industries, unemployment,
dislocation of workforce. Understanding the danger of creating
a disparate / inequitable society. (vi) Role of society in
development and environment - public awareness through
education, eco-clubs, population education programme,
campaigns, public participation in decision-making.
To look at examples of places
and issues where the above mentioned programmes have worked,
examples like Chipko
Movement, Appiko in
Karnataka, Eco-clubs, etc.
3.
Environmental pollution and Global Issues
(i) Air, water (fresh and
marine), soil pollution - sources and consequences. Looking at
some important sources of pollution (vehicular, industrial and
municipal) and serious consequences (carcinogens in the air,
heavy metals in water, Persistent Organic Pollutants [POPS] in
soil). Smog, acid rain, plastics in soil, DDT. (ii) Noise and
radiation pollution - sources and consequences. Some major
sources of noise like - construction sites (cutting of
marble), generators in residential units/institutions,
airports, industrial grinders. Effect of noise on people
working in such places and on neighbouring communities.
Dangers of leakages of radiation, e.g. Chernobyl. Outcome of
atomic bombs at Hiroshima and 1agasaki. (iii) Solid, liquid
and gaseous pollutants. Looking at examples of some major
pollutants under each category [e.g. PVC, detergents, oil
spills, municipal waste, plastics, garbage, CO, SO2, etc).
(iv) Handling of hazardous materials and processes; handling
and management of hazardous wastes. Understanding what
hazardous materials are. Handling and management of hazardous
waste by proper disposal. (v) Ozone layer depletion and its
effect. Ozone Depleting Substances [ODS]; effect of depletion
of the ozone layer. Montreal
Protocol. (vi) Greenhouse
effect; global warming and climatic changes and their effects
on human society, agriculture, plants and animals. A brief
understanding of the concept
Greenhouse effect. Impact of
global warming in terms of climatic changes, rise in sea
levels, melting of ice caps, dramatic change in ice and
permafrost in Arctic and Antarctic regions; impact on animals
and plants due to climate changes. Mention of Kyoto Protocol
(1997) for stabilising emission of GHG (Green House Gases).
(vii) Pollution related diseases. A few major diseases caused
by pollution - Minamata disease caused by mercury poisoning,
heavy metal poisoning causing diseases like Parkinson's,
pollutants in air causing respiratory disorders and lung
cancer, Pesticides e.g. DDT causing problems in the
reproductive system, nervous system, excretory system. (viii)
Disasters - natural (earthquakes, droughts, floods, cyclones,
landslides) and manmade (technological and industrial): their
impact on the environment: prevention, control and mitigation.
1atural disasters.
Understanding that many natural disasters are caused by human
action,
e.g. dams causing
earthquakes, deforestation leading to landslides and droughts;
industrial
– Bhopal disaster;
technological – Chernobyl. Understanding that natural and
manmade
disasters can be dealt with
through appropriate processes of management. (ix) Strategies
for reducing pollution and improving the environment.
Strategies at individual, social and
governmental levels. A
regular check of SPM (Suspended Particulate Matter); pollution
control strategies such as use of low pollution fuels; setting
up emission standards for factories and vehicles. Waste
management and recycling of waste, reduction in waste
production. Water –
industrial effluents should be made harmless before discharge;
recycle and recovery of waste; biological treatment of some
effluents.
4. Energy
(i) Changing global patterns
of energy consumption - from ancient to modern times.
Looking at varied sources and
uses of energy over time: Ancient times - energy from fire for
metal work [forging], glass
work, cooking, etc., animal and human energy for
transportation and other
forms of work like drawing water from wells, etc.
Post industrialization -
increased importance of electrical energy, different sources
of
electrical energy; different
applications - starting from specific uses like drawing water,
lighting, powering
locomotives, power for industrial equipment, etc., to
eventually, society being completely dependent on electric
power for its functioning. The above to be referred to
briefly. (ii) Energy consumption as measure of quality of
life. Use of diesel/ petrol in trains, buses, cars and other
vehicles; use of LPG. Energy consumption as a measure of
quality of life. (iii) Rising demand for energy, gap between
demand and supply (Indian context). Industrial sectors being
given priority in supply over agricultural sectors, cities
being given priority over rural areas, etc. (iv) Conventional
energy sources - fossil fuels and
firewood, potential (Indian
context) and limitations of each source, methods of harnessing
and environmental consequences of their use. Conventional
energy sources: Firewood – for heating and cooking along with
agricultural and animal waste. Coal - thermal power - how much
coal is left? What are the issues with thermal power? (global
warming, thermal pollution in waters, fly ash, atmospheric
pollution, etc.). Petroleum - petrol, diesel, LPG;
nonrenewable, expensive. (v) Non-conventional energy sources -
types of non-conventional sources (bio-mass, solar, wind,
ocean, hydel, geothermal, nuclear), potential (Indian context)
and limitations of each source, methods of harnessing and
their environmental consequences, need to promote
non-conventional energy sources. Advantages and limitations of
each non-conventional energy source. Methods of harnessing
these energy sources and their environmental consequences.
1eed to promote non-conventional energy sources. (vi)
Conservation of energy sources - efficiency in production,
transportation and utilization of energy. Understanding that
with suitable selection and design of equipment and production
processes, tremendous amounts of energy can be saved;
tremendous amounts of energy gets lost in transportation due
to use of outdated technology and also due to pilfering.
Methods of saving energy: in homes and institutions - use of
energy saving bulbs, usage of solar cookers, heaters, biogas
pipeline, etc; in transportation – use of car pools, public
transport system. (vii) Planning management of energy; future
sources of energy - hydrogen, alcohol, fuel cells, biofuels.
Understanding ways of planning energy
management - looking at a few
real models. Current status and future potential. (only for
the purpose of discussion and
not for testing). (viii) Enhancing efficiency of the devices
and
optimizing energy
utilization. Understanding different ways of enhancing
efficiency of the devices - energy saving devices like Compact
Fluorescent Lamps, designing buildings that will make best use
of natural light and suited to local climatic conditions, etc.
PAPER II –
PRACTICAL/PROJECT WORK
Guidelines for
Practical/Project Work are given at the
end of this syllabus.
Go back to
GUESS
PAPERS FOR India, Syllabus of Indian School, colleges and
Universities
ALL THE BEST
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