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UNIVERSITY OF CAMBRIDGE
INTERNATIONAL EXAMINATIONS
International General
Certificate of Secondary Education
Geography 2007
1
Study Fig. 1. Students
investigated the changes in the width and depth of a stream at
three
sites, Site A, Site B and
Site C, as distance increased from the source.
(a)
Complete the hypothesis for
this investigation by selecting the correct words from the
following: [1]
decrease increase shallower
deeper
‘The width will
____________________ and the depth will become
_______________ as distance
from the source increases.’
0.5
0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5
6.0
Site C
Site C
Site B
Site A
Site A
4.0 4.5 5.0 5.5
0.5
0.5
0 1
scale in km for map
1.0 1.5 2.0
Site B
0.5
0
1.0
0.5 1.0
0
1.0
1.0
0
Fig. 1
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(b) (i)
How did the students measure
the width of the stream at each site? Their equipment
included two ranging poles
and a measuring tape. Draw a labelled diagram, Fig. 2,
for your answer.
Fig. 2
[3]
Table 1
A
Site
0.5m
1.0m
1.5m
2.0m
2.5m
3.0m
3.5m
4.0m
4.5m
5.0m
5.5m
6.0m
Wetted
perimeter (m)
Discharge
(m3/sec)
Total Width
(m)
B
C
1.40
2.31
6.42
0.15
Depth in metres at distances
from left bank
0.12
0.20
0.30
0.28
0.15
0.10
0.25
0.20
0.30 0.32 0.35 0.48 0.48 0.50
0.35 0.36 0.28
1.50
2.50
0.01
0.09
1.25
(ii)
At each site, the students
also measured the depth of the stream systematically
(every metre). The
results of the investigation are shown in Table 1.
Draw a line graph for Site A
on Fig. 1, to show the depth of the stream, using
information from Table 1. [3]
(c) (i)
The wetted perimeter is the
amount of bank and bed which the stream water
touches.
Use Fig. 1 to calculate the
length of the wetted perimeter at Site C. Write your
answer in Table 1. [2]
(ii)
Explain how the wetted
perimeter can change the speed of the river.[2]
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(d) (i)
The students also measured
the velocity of the stream at each site. A floating
object was timed travelling
over a distance of 10 metres. The recording sheet for Site
B is shown in Fig. 3. Fill in
two other pieces of important information on the recording
sheet.
Location
Site B
Time in seconds of floating
object over 10 metres
18.0 16.8 15.4 18.5 13.3
Fig. 3
[2]
(ii)
State a reason why the timing
of the floating object over 10 metres was repeated
five times.
Reason
......................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................[1]
(iii)
The cross-sectional area is
used to calculate the discharge. Look again at Fig. 1
and select the
cross-sectional area most appropriate for Site B from the
possibilities
below. Underline your answer.
[1]
3.29 m2 0.32 m2 0.09 m2
(e)
Study Table 1 and Fig. 1
again. Describe how the following characteristics of the
stream
change from Site A to Site C.
You should state data to support your descriptions.
Width
Depth......
Discharge.....................................[6]
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(f)
The stream was measured again
at the same sites after a storm, when 60 mm of rain fell
in 48 hours. Describe how
this storm would change the discharge and the processes of
the stream.
Discharge change
Processes change[3]
(g) (i)
Describe in detail how the
investigation could be improved. Suggest reasons for
these improvements.[4]
(ii)
Write a brief conclusion to
this investigation.[2]
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2
Students at an international
school in Spain investigated migration and population increase
in a coastal tourist town.
The teacher suggested that the main reason for the population
increase was the growth in
worldwide tourism in the past 40 years.
(a)
Suggest three reasons
why there has been a growth in worldwide tourism in the past
40
years.
Reason 1
..........................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................
Reason 2
..........................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................
Reason 3
..........................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................[3]
The students wrote a short
questionnaire to investigate the hypothesis
‘people who moved to the
tourist town came from countries close to Spain’.
The questionnaires were given
to 100 parents at a school event. Study the questionnaire
shown in Fig. 4.
Questionnaire to investigate
migration
Q1 Were you born in this
coastal town? YES
NO
Q2 How long have you lived
here? Under 10 yrs.
10 – 19 yrs.
20 – 29 yrs.
30 – 39 yrs.
40 – 49 yrs.
Over 50 yrs.
Q3 In which country were you
born?
Fig. 4
(b) (i)
Why was it important to ask
Question 1 (shown in Fig. 4)?
.................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................[1]
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(ii)
State one advantage
and one disadvantage of the method of using parents as
a
source of data.
Advantage
Disadvantage[2]
Table 2
Q1. Were you born
in this coastal
town?
Yes = 69% No = 31%
Q2. How long
have you lived
here?
Born in coastal town
Not born in coastal
town
Under 10 yrs 0 13
10–19 yrs 0 10
20–29 yrs 6 4
30–39 yrs 19 4
40–49 yrs 33 0
Over 50 yrs 11 0
Q3. In which
country were you
born?
USA 2 Norway 1 UK 6
Brazil 2 Netherlands 2
Thailand 1
Italy 2 France 1 Germany 2
Austria 1 Tunisia 4 India 3
Spain 4
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(c) (i)
Table 2 shows the results of
the questionnaire.
Using the results of Question
2 in Table 2, complete the bar graph, Fig. 5. Use the
key and write a title to the
graph.
Title
...........................................................................................................................
5
under
10 yrs
10 –19 yrs 20 –29 yrs
length of residency
number of people
Born in town
Key
Not born in town
30 –39 yrs 40 –49 yrs over
50 yrs
10
15
20
25
30
35
Fig. 5
[4]
(ii)
Look again at the results of
Questions 1 and 2 in Table 2 and the graph, Fig. 5.
Describe the pattern shown by
the data..[3]
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India
Thailand
Scale: 1 mm = 1 person
Fig. 6
(d) (i)
Study Fig. 6, which shows
responses to Question 3 on the questionnaire.
Add the flow lines for India
and Thailand using the data in Table 2. [2]
Table 3
Europe 19
North America 2
South America 2
Asia 4
Africa 4
(ii)
Study Table 3, which shows
which continent the migrants came from. Suggest why
so many of the migrants came
from European countries.[3]
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(iii)
Write a conclusion to this
investigation.
Is the hypothesis correct?
Give reasons for your answer.
Support your reasons by stating data.
Suggest how the investigation
could be improved.[5]
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(e)
The students decided to find
out more about why people move to the coastal tourist
town. They found information
about the town on the internet. This information is shown
on Fig. 7.
45 years ago this coastal
town was a small fishing and market town. It had very few
shops
and just one hotel.
Restaurants, bars and hotels were rapidly built from 1960
onwards.
This provided many employment
opportunities and an international airport opened in 1965.
The roads were improved to
cope with the increase in visitors, who wanted to enjoy the
warm climate and local
culture.
Fig. 7
(i)
The internet information is
secondary data. What is secondary data? State
two
other examples of secondary
data.[2]
(ii)
On Fig. 7 underline the pull
factors of people moving to live in this tourist town.
[2]
(iii)
The students decided to write
an additional question to investigate the different
reasons why people moved to
live in the town.
On Fig. 8 write a suitable
question in the style of Question 2 (Fig. 4), as part of that
questionnaire.
Fig. 8
[3]
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