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POLITICAL SCIENCE (852)
Aims:
1. To enable candidates to
acquire knowledge (including information of facts, terms,
concepts, conventions, principles, generalization, assumption,
hypothesis) concerning Political Science. 2. To enable
candidates to apply acquired knowledge and understanding of
procedures and the practices of governance in unfamiliar
situations. 3. To develop an understanding of meanings and
implications of the aforesaid items. 4. To develop an interest
in the problems related to the structure of governments and
political life of the people of one's country and those
of the world. 5. To develop positive attitudes necessary for
developing a broader outlook.
CLASS XI
There will be one paper of
three hours duration of 100 marks divided into two parts. Part
I (30 marks) will consist of compulsory short answer
questions, testing knowledge, application and skills relating
to elementary/ fundamental aspects of the entire syllabus.
Part II (70 marks) will be divided into two sections A & B.
Candidates will be required to answer threequestions out of
five from Section A and two questions out of three from
Section B. Each question in this part shall carry 14 marks.
SECTION A
Political Theory
1. Fundamental Ideas Meaning
of Politics; is Politics a Science? Definition of Political
Science; difference between Political Science and Politics;
relation of Political Science with other Social Sciences
(History, Economics, Ethics and Sociology). Difference between
State and Government, State and Society, State and
Association, Nation, Nationality and Nationalism. Meaning of
Politics; is Politics a Science? Definition of Political
Science; difference between Political Science and Politics;
relation of Political Science with other Social Sciences
(History, Economics, Ethics and Sociology). Difference between
State and Government, /ation, /ationality and /ationalism.
Definition of State and elements of the State: (a) People (b)
Territory (c) Government (d) Sovereignty. State and Society:
definition of Society; difference between the State and
Society. Association: definition, difference between State and
Association. Government: definition, difference between the
Government and the State. /ation, nationality and nationalism:
meaning and definitions of these terms, their
inter-relationship and difference. Factors helpful in
evolution of a nation: common race and kinship, community,
religion, language. Geographical contiguity and common
economic ties, common history and traditions. Theory of one
/Nation and one State. Difference between the State and /ation.
2. The Origin of the State
Divine Origin Theory; the Force Theory; the Genetic Theory;
the Social Contract Theory (Hobbes, Locke, Rousseau); the
Patriarchal Theory; the Matriarchal Theory; the Evolutionary
Theory. Development of the State. Various theories of the
origin of State: Divine theory, Force theory, the
Genetic theory, the Social Contract theory, the Evolutionary
theory. Development of State: the Divine theory. Brief history
of this theory, divine rights of the kings - example from
modern monarchical states like England, Bhutan, /epal, etc.
Critical view. The Force theory - critical evaluation. The
Genetic theory: The Patriarchal and Matriarchal theory -
critical evaluation. The Social Contract theory: The basic
views of Hobbes, Locke and Rousseau in a compact manner and
the critical evaluation of the theory. Evolutionary Theory:
factors for the growth of this - such as kinship, religion,
economic factor, wars and conflicts and the need for political
power, conclusion. Development of the modern State through -
tribal state, the oriental empire, the early city states, etc.
3. Modern Theories of the
State Socialism; communism; syndicatism; guild socialism;
fascism. Definitions of all the "isms"; main exponents of all
these theories, essentials of all "isms" value and criticism
of these theories.
4. The Purpose of the State
Divergent views: the state is an end in itself; the greatest
happiness of the greatest number; modern view. Divergent views
- the State is an end in itself. The greatest happiness of
the greatest number. Modern view. Meaning of the purpose of
the State - brief knowledge of the functions of the State.
Views of individualists and socialists - regarding the main
aim or the end of the State - modern practical view - the
concept of the welfare State. Functions of the welfare State -
references can be given about the social securities in the
west and Directive Principles of State Policy in India.
5. Sovereignty Meaning, kinds
and characteristics. Is sovereignty absolute and indivisible?
A historical analysis. Meaning and kinds, characteristics. Is
sovereignty absolute and indivisible? Meaning, definitions,
characteristics such as – all comprehensive, universal,
permanent, inalienable, exclusive, etc. Kinds: titular and
real, legal and political; De-jure and De-facto sovereign,
popular sovereignty. Brief study of Austin Theory and
Pluralistic view of Sovereignty.
6. Law Meaning and nature of
law; sources of law; kinds of law. Meaning, definition of
nature of law - different theories of law - analytical,
historical, philosophical, comparative and sociological
schools of thoughts of law - brief study. Sources -
customs, usages, religion, judicial decisions, scientific
commentaries, equity, legislation. Kinds of law – municipal,
national, constitutional and international law, statute law,
ordinances.
7. Liberty Meaning of
liberty; kinds of liberty; civil liberty; political liberty;
safeguards of liberty. Does law help or hinder liberty?
Definition - kinds of Liberty: natural, political, economic
and national liberty. Relationship between Liberty and Law.
Conditions of Liberty as fundamental rights. Separation of
judiciary from executive, well-knit party system,
economic justice for all, free press and media, vigilance by
the people. Safeguards of Liberty; does law help or hinder
liberty?
8. Equality Meaning of
equality; extent of equality in modern states; kinds of
equality; equality and liberty. Meaning of Equality; extent of
Equality; kinds of Equality; equality and liberty; definition;
extent to which every one must get equality to realize the
best; absence of special privileges. Equality and Liberty -
self-explanatory.
9. Citizenship Meaning and
types of citizenship. Meaning and types of citizenship.
Definition of a citizen. Difference between a citizen and
alien. Definition of citizenship. Kinds of citizenship -
natural and naturalized. Double citizenship with one loyalty
towards the nation or country of birth.
10. Forms of Government
Monarchy; aristocracy; democracy. Definitions of these
governments. Kinds: Monarchy - constitutional or limited;
absolute monarchy. Aristocracy - elected or hereditary.
Democracy - direct and indirect. Merits and demerits of these
governments. Conditions for successful working of democracy.
SECTION B
Modern Constitutions
11. India (i) Evolution of
the Indian Constitution; formation of the Constituent Assembly
of India; the Constitution of 1950 - basic features; the Union
Government; the State Government; Legislature, Executive,
Judiciary (composition only); relationship between
Centre and State (legislative, administrative, financial).
Public Services; composition and powers of Union and State
Public Service Commissions. Local Self Government.
Evolution of the Indian Constitution,
formation of Constituent Assembly of India. The Constitution
of 1950 - basic features. Relations between the Centre and the
States. Composition of the Centre and the State governments -
Legislature, Executive, Judiciary. Composition and powers of
Union Public Service Commission and State Public Service
Commission. Local self government. Formation of the
Constituent Assembly of India under Cabinet Mission Plan in
1946. Implementation of the Constitution in 1950 - basic
features. Composition of Rajya Sabha, Lok Sabha, State
Legislative Assembly and Legislative Council. Qualifications
and terms of the President, the Prime Minister, Governor and
the Chief Minister - Council of Ministers both at Central and
State levels. Relationship between the Centre and the States -
legislative, administrative and financial. Local
selfgovernment: Three tier system of Panchayati Raj. Rural and
local bodies - their composition and functions. Defects in
their working and possible solutions to solve their
shortcomings. (ii) Fundamental Rights, Fundamental Duties and
Directive Principles of State Policy. Fundamental Rights:
meaning, importance and purpose of fundamental rights;
classification; special features; critical evaluation.
Fundamental Duties: classification of Fundamental Duties;
assessment. Directive Principles of State Policy: meaning and
purpose; classification; importance and utility; criticism.
Difference between Fundamental Rights and Directive Principles
of State Policy.
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